Getting hands dirty with php7

MICHELANGELO VAN DAM
PHP CONSULTANT & COMMUNITY LEADER
Credits: phpbg on ﬂickr.com

AGENDA
WHAT HAS CHANGED SINCE PHP 5?
WHAT’S NEW IN PHP 7?
OTHER THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW
MIGRATING PHP 5 APPS TO PHP 7
CLOSING REMARKS & QUESTIONS

BC BREAK
CHANGED BEHAVIOR IN PHP 7
Source: Hernán Piñera on ﬂickr.com

FATAL ERRORS
๏ Fatal and recoverable fatal errors are now “Throwable”
๏ These errors inherit from “Error” class
๏ The “Errors” class is on the same level as ExcepFon class
๏ Both “Errors” and “ExcepFons” implement “Throwable”
interface
๏ Has an eﬀect on:
๏ “set_excepFon_handler”: can receive Errors and ExcepFons
๏ all internal classes now throw ExcepFon on construct failure
๏ Parse errors now throw “ParseError”

EXAMPLE ERROR PHP 5 VS 7
<?php
$example = new Example();
// PHP 5 error outputs:
// PHP Fatal error:  Class 'Example' not found in php7-workshop/errors.php on line 4
// PHP Stack trace:
// PHP   1. {main}() php7-workshop/errors.php:0
// PHP 7 error outputs:
// PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught Error: Class 'Example' not found in php7-workshop/errors.php:4
// Stack trace:
// #0 {main}
//   thrown in php7-workshop/errors.php on line 4
//
// Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Class 'Example' not found in php7-workshop/errors.php on line 4
//
// Error: Class 'Example' not found in php7-workshop/errors.php on line 4
//
// Call Stack:
//    0.0003     351648   1. {main}() php7-workshop/errors.php:0

EXCEPTION HANDLING
<?php
function exceptionHandler(Exception $e) {
    echo 'PHP ' . phpversion() . PHP_EOL;
    echo $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
    echo $e->getTraceAsString() . PHP_EOL;
}
set_exception_handler('exceptionHandler');
class Foo
{
    public function bar()
    {
        throw new Exception('foo-bar');
    }
}
$foo = new Foo();
$foo->bar();
// PHP 5.6.4
// foo-bar
// #0 php7-workshop/Errors/errorhandler.php(24): Foo->bar()
// #1 {main}
// PHP 7.0.2
// foo-bar
// #0 php7-workshop/Errors/errorhandler.php(24): Foo->bar()
// #1 {main}

THROWABLE EXAMPLE
<?php
try {
    $foo = new foo();
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo 'I am an exception: ' . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
} catch (Error $e) {
    echo 'I am an error: ' . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
} catch (Throwable $t) {
    echo 'I am throwable: ' . $t->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
}
// PHP 5.6.4
// Fatal error: Class 'foo' not found in
// php7-workshop/Errors/throwable.php on line 5
// PHP 7.0.2
// I am an error: Class 'foo' not found

VARIABLE VARIABLES
<?php
$foo = [
    'bar' => [
        'baz' => 'foo-bar-baz',
        'bay' => 'foo-bar-bay',
    ],
];
echo $foo['bar']['baz'] . PHP_EOL;
$foo = new stdClass();
$foo->bar = ['baz' => 'foo-bar-baz'];
$bar = 'bar';
echo $foo->$bar['baz'] . PHP_EOL;
// PHP 5.6.4
// foo-bar-baz
//
// Warning: Illegal string offset 'baz' in php7-workshop/Variable/
vars.php on line 15
// PHP 7.0.2
// foo-bar-baz
// foo-bar-baz

GLOBALS
<?php
$a = 'Hello';
$$a = 'World!';
function foo()
{
global $a, $$a;
return $a . ' ' . $$a;
}
echo foo() . PHP_EOL;
// PHP 5.6.4
// Hello World!
// PHP 7.0.2
// Hello World!

GLOBALS (CONT.)
<?php
$a = 'Hello';
$$a = 'World!';
function foo()
{
global $a, ${$a};
return $a . ' ' . ${$a};
}
echo foo() . PHP_EOL;
// PHP 5.6.4
// Hello World!
// PHP 7.0.2
// Hello World!

LIST ORDER
<?php
list ($a[], $a[], $a[]) = [1, 2, 3];
echo 'PHP ' . phpversion() . ': ' . implode(', ', $a) . PHP_EOL;
// PHP 5.6.4: 3, 2, 1
// PHP 7.0.2: 1, 2, 3
list ($b[], $b[], $b[]) = [3, 2, 1];
echo 'PHP ' . phpversion() . ': ' . implode(', ', $b) . PHP_EOL;
// PHP 5.6.4: 1, 2, 3
// PHP 7.0.2: 3, 2, 1

FOREACH INTERNAL POINTER
<?php
$a = [0, 1, 2];
foreach ($a as &$val) {
var_dump(current($a));
}
// PHP 5.6.4
// int(1)
// int(2)
// bool(false)
// PHP 7.0.2
// int(0)
// int(0)
// int(0)

FOREACH ITERATION ISSUE
<?php
$a = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
foreach ($a as &$item) {
    echo current($a) . PHP_EOL;
    // When we reach the end, close with double newline
    if (false === current($a)) {
        echo PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
    }
}
echo 'Hello World!' . PHP_EOL;
// PHP 5.6.4
// b
// c
//
//
//
// Hello World!
// PHP 7.0.2
// a
// a
// a
// Hello World!

INVALID OCTALS
<?php
$a = 0128; // faulty octal
var_dump($a);
// PHP 5.6.4
// int(10) -> PHP converted it to 012
// PHP 7.0.2
//
// Parse error: Invalid numeric literal in
// php7-workshop/Octals/Octals.php on line 4

NEGATIVE BITSHIFTS
<?php
var_dump(1 >> -1);
// PHP 5.6.4
// int(0)
// PHP 7.0.2
// PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught ArithmeticError: Bit shift by
//   negative number in php7-workshop/Bitshift/bitshift.php:4
// Stack trace:
// #0 {main}
//   thrown in php7-workshop/Bitshift/bitshift.php on line 4
//
// Fatal error: Uncaught ArithmeticError: Bit shift by negative
//   number in php7-workshop/Bitshift/bitshift.php on line 4
//
// ArithmeticError: Bit shift by negative number in
//   php7-workshop/Bitshift/bitshift.php on line 4
//
// Call Stack:
//     0.0006     352104   1. {main}() php7-workshop/Bitshift/bitshift.php:0

BITSHIFT OVERFLOW
<?php
$a = 0b11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111;
echo var_export($a >> 1, true) . PHP_EOL;
// PHP 5.3.29
// Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_STRING in php7-workshop/Bitshift/
outofrangebit.php on line 3
// PHP 5.6.4
// 0
// PHP 7.0.2
// 0

DIVISION BY ZERO
<?php
echo (0 / 0) . PHP_EOL;
// PHP 5.6.4
//
// Warning: Division by zero in php7-workshop/Zero/division.php on line 5
// PHP 7.0.2
// NAN
// INF
// INF

HEX VALUES
<?php
var_dump("0x123" == "291");
var_dump(is_numeric("0x123"));
var_dump("0xe" + "0x1");
var_dump(substr("foo", "0x1"));
// PHP 5.6.4
// bool(true)
// bool(true)
// int(15)
// string(2) "oo"
// PHP 7.0.2
// bool(false)
// bool(false)
// int(0)
//
// Notice: A non well formed numeric value encountered
// in php7-workshop/Hex/hex.php on line 8
// string(3) "foo"

REMOVED FROM PHP 7
๏ call_user_*
๏ call_user_method() -> call_user_func()
๏ call_user_method_array() -> call_user_func_array()
๏ mcrypt_*
๏ mcrypt_generic_end() -> mcrypt_generic_deinit()
๏ mcrypt_ecb() -> mcrypt_decrypt()
๏ mcrypt_cbc() -> mcrypt_decrypt()
๏ mcrypt_cP() -> mcrypt_decrypt()
๏ mcrypt_oP() -> mcrypt_decrypt()
๏ datefmt_set_Fmezone_id() -> datefmt_set_Fmezone()
๏ IntlDateFormaTer::setTimeZoneID() -> IntlDateFormaTer::setTimeZone()
๏ set_magic_quotes_runFme()
๏ set_socket_blocking() -> stream_set_blocking()

REMOVED GD FUNCTIONS
๏ imagepsbbox()
๏ imagepsencodefont()
๏ imagepsextendfont()
๏ imagepsfreefont()
๏ imagepsloadfont()
๏ imagepsslanWont()
๏ imagepstext()

EXT/MYSQL
๏ Deprecated in PHP 5.5
๏ Removed in PHP 7
๏ All mysql_* funcFons!!!

WILL YOU MISS IT?!?
๏ script-tag 
<script language="php">
// PHP code goes here
</script>
๏ ASP-tag 
<%
// PHP code goes here
%>
<%= 'echoing something here' %>

OTHER REMOVED/CHANGED ITEMS
๏ php.ini
๏ always_populate_raw_post_data
๏ asp_tags
๏ xsl.security_prefs
๏ $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA -> php://input
๏ No # in INI ﬁles with parse_ini_ﬁle() or parse_ini_string() -> use ;
๏ func_get_arg() and func_get_args() return always current value of
arguments (no longer original values)

NULLABLE TYPE
<?php
class Foo
{
    protected $bar;
    public function __construct(string $bar = null)
    {
         if (null !== $bar) {
             $this->bar = $bar;
         }
    }
    public function getBar(): string
    {
        return $this->bar;
    }
}
$foo = new Foo();
$bar = $foo->getBar();
var_dump($bar);

NULLABLE TYPE
<?php
class Foo
{
    protected $bar;
    public function __construct(?string $bar = null)
    {
         if (null !== $bar) {
             $this->bar = $bar;
         }
    }
    public function getBar(): ?string
    {
        return $this->bar;
    }
}
$foo = new Foo();
$bar = $foo->getBar();
var_dump($bar);

VOID FUNCTIONS
<?php
class Foo
{
    public function sayHello(string $message): void
    {
        echo 'Hello ' . $message . '!' . PHP_EOL;
    }
}
$foo = new Foo();
$foo->sayHello('World');

SYMMETRIC ARRAY DESTRUCTURING
<?php
$talks = [
    [1, 'Getting hands dirty with PHP7'],
    [2, 'Decouple your framework'],
    [3, 'PHPunit speedup with Docker'],
    [4, 'Open source your business for success'],
];
// short-hand list notation
[$id, $title] = $talks[0];
echo sprintf('%s (%d)', $title, $id) . PHP_EOL;
echo PHP_EOL;
// shorthand foreach list notation
foreach ($talks as [$id, $title]) {
}

SUPPORT FOR KEYS IN LIST()
<?php
$talks = [
    [1, 'Getting hands dirty with PHP7'],
    [2, 'Decouple your framework'],
    [3, 'PHPunit speedup with Docker'],
    [4, 'Open source your business for success'],
];
// short-hand list notation
['id' => $id, 'title' => $title] = $talks[0];
echo PHP_EOL;
// shorthand foreach list notation
foreach ($talks as ['id' => $id, 'title' => $title]) {
}

CLASS CONSTANT VISIBILITY
<?php
class ConstDemo
{
    const PUBLIC_CONST_A = 1;
    public const PUBLIC_CONST_B = 2;
    protected const PROTECTED_CONST = 3;
    private const PRIVATE_CONST = 4;
}

ITERABLE PSEUDO-TYPE
<?php
function iterator(iterable $iterable)
{
    foreach ($iterable as $value) {
        //
    }
}

MULTI CATCH EXCEPTION HANDLING
<?php
try {
// some code
} catch (FirstException | SecondException $e) {
// handle first and second exceptions
}

SUPPORT FOR NEGATIVE STRING OFFSETS
<?php
$string = 'ThisIsALongString.php';
echo substr($string, 0, strlen($string) - 4) . PHP_EOL;
// Outputs: ThisIsALongString
echo substr($string, 0, -4) . PHP_EOL;
// Outputs: ThisIsALongString

CONVERT CALLABLES TO CLOSURES WITH
CLOSURE::FROMCALLABLE()
<?php
class Test
{
    public function exposeFunction()
    {
        return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'privateFunction']);
    }
    private function privateFunction($param)
    {
        var_dump($param);
    }
}
$privFunc = (new Test)->exposeFunction();
$privFunc('some value');

ASYNCHRONOUS SIGNAL HANDLING
<?php
pcntl_async_signals(true); // turn on async signals
pcntl_signal(SIGHUP, function($sig) {
echo "SIGHUPn";
});
posix_kill(posix_getpid(), SIGHUP);

HTTP/2 SERVER PUSH SUPPORT IN EXT/CURL
๏ CURLMOPT_PUSHFUNCTION
๏ CURL_PUSH_OK
๏ CURL_PUSH_DENY

NEW FUNCTIONS
๏ Closure
๏ Closure::fromCallable()
๏ CURL
๏ curl_mulF_errno()
๏ curl_share_errno()
๏ curl_share_strerror()
๏ SPL
๏ is_iterable()
๏ PCNTL
๏ pcntl_async_signals()

NEW GLOBAL CONSTANTS
๏ Core Predeﬁned Constants
๏ PHP_FD_SETSIZE
๏ CURL
๏ CURLMOPT_PUSHFUNCTION
๏ CURL_PUST_OK
๏ CURL_PUSH_DENY
๏ Data Filtering
๏ FILTER_FLAG_EMAIL_UNICODE
๏ JSON
๏ JSON_UNESCAPED_LINE_TERMINATORS

NEW GLOBAL CONSTANTS (2)
๏ PostgreSQL
๏ PGSQL_NOTICE_LAST
๏ PGSQL_NOTICE_ALL
๏ PGSQL_NOTICE_CLEAR
๏ SPL
๏ MT_RAND_PHP

NEW GLOBAL CONSTANTS (3)
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_SASL_NOCANON
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_SASL_USERNAME
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_CACERTDIR
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_CACERTFILE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_CERTFILE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_CIPHER_SUITE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_KEYFILE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_RANDOM_FILE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_CRLCHECK
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_CRL_NONE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_CRL_PEER
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_CRL_ALL
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_DHFILE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_CRLFILE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_PROTOCOL_MIN
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_PROTOCOL_SSL2
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_PROTOCOL_SSL3
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_PROTOCOL_TLS1_0
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_TLS_PACKAGE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_KEEPALIVE_IDLE
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_KEEPALIVE_PROBES
๏ LDAP_OPT_X_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL

THESE MIGHT BREAK STUFF
๏ Throw on passing too few funcFon arguments
๏ Forbid dynamic calls to scope introspecFon funcFons
๏ Invalid class, interface, and trait names
๏ void
๏ iterable
๏ Numerical string conversions now respect scienFﬁc notaFon
๏ Fixes to mt_rand() algorithm
๏ rand() aliased to mt_rand() and srand() aliased to mt_srand()
๏ Disallow the ASCII delete control character (0x7F) in idenFﬁers
๏ error_log changes with syslog error values

THESE MIGHT BREAK STUFF (2)
๏ Do not call destructors on incomplete objects
๏ call_user_func() handling of reference arguments
๏ The empty index operator is not supported for strings anymore
๏ $str[] = $x throws a fatal error
๏ Removed ini direcFves
๏ session.entropy_ﬁle
๏ session.entropy_length
๏ session.hash_funcFon
๏ session.hash_bits_per_character

THESE ARE NOW DEPRECATED
๏ ext/mcrypt
๏ Eval opFon for mb_ereg_replace() and mb_eregi_replace()

PHP CORE
๏ getopt() has an opFonal third parameter that exposes the index of the next
element in the argument vector list to be processed. This is done via a by-
ref parameter.
๏ getenv() no longer requires its parameter. If the parameter is omiTed, then
the current environment variables will be returned as an associaFve array.
๏ get_headers() now has an addiFonal parameter to enable for the passing of
custom stream contexts.
๏ long2ip() now also accepts an integer as a parameter.
๏ output_reset_rewrite_vars() no longer resets session URL rewrite variables.
๏ parse_url() is now more restricFve and supports RFC3986.
๏ unpack() now accepts an opFonal third parameter to specify the oﬀset to
begin unpacking from.

OTHER CHANGED FUNCTIONS
๏ File System
๏ tempnam() now emits a noFce when falling back to the system's temp
directory.
๏ JSON
๏ json_encode() now accepts a new opFon,
JSON_UNESCAPED_LINE_TERMINATORS, to disable the escaping of U+2028
and U+2029 characters when JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE is supplied.
๏ MulTbyte String
๏ mb_ereg() now rejects illegal byte sequences.
๏ mb_ereg_replace() now rejects illegal byte sequences.
๏ PDO
๏ PDO::lastInsertId() for PostgreSQL will now trigger an error when nextval
has not been called for the current session (the postgres connecFon).

POSTGRESQL
๏ pg_last_noFce() now accepts an opFonal parameter to specify an
operaFon. This can be done with one of the following new
constants: PGSQL_NOTICE_LAST, PGSQL_NOTICE_ALL, or
PGSQL_NOTICE_CLEAR.
๏ pg_fetch_all() now accepts an opFonal second parameter to
specify the result type (similar to the third parameter of
pg_fetch_array()).
๏ pg_select() now accepts an opFonal fourth parameter to specify
the result type (similar to the third parameter of pg_fetch_array()).

OTHER CHANGES
๏ NoFces and warnings on arithmeFc with invalid strings
๏ New E_WARNING and E_NOTICE errors have been introduced
when invalid strings are coerced using operators expecFng
numbers
๏ E_NOTICE is emiTed when the string begins with a numeric
value but contains trailing non-numeric characters
๏ E_WARNING is emiTed when the string does not contain a
numeric value
๏ Warn on octal escape sequence overﬂow
๏ Inconsistency ﬁxes to $this
๏ Session ID generaFon without hashing

OTHER THINGS THAT CHANGED
๏ FuncFon “set_excepFon_handler()” is no longer guaranteed to
receive ExcepTon objects but Throwable objects
๏ Error reporFng E_STRICT noFces severity changes as some have
been changed and will not trigger an error
๏ The deprecated “set_socket_blocking()” alias has been removed in
favour of “stream_set_blocking()”
๏ Switch statements cannot have mulFple default blocks
๏ FuncFons cannot have mulFple parameters with the same name
๏ PHP funcFons “func_get_arg()” and “func_get_args()” now return
current argument values

PERFORMANCE
WORDPRESS
Source: Zend PHP 7 Infograph

PERFORMANCE
MAGENTO

PERFORMANCE
FRAMEWORKS

PERFORMANCE
CRM

PERFORMANCE
COMPARISON TO OTHER LANGUAGES

PERFORMANCE
YII FRAMEWORK
Source: caleblloyd.com

DOMAIN MODELS
<?php
namespace DragonBephp7workshop;
class User
{
    /** @var string $name The Name of the User */
    protected $name;
    /** @var int $age The age of the User */
    protected $age;
    /**
     * User constructor.
     *
     * @param string $name The name of the User
     * @param int $age The age of the User
     */
    public function __construct($name = '', $age = 0)
    {
        $this->setName($name)
            ->setAge($age);
    }
    /**
     * Sets the name of the User
     *
     * @return User
     */
    public function setName($name)
    {
        $this->name = (string) $name;
        return $this;
    }
    /**
     * Retrieve the name of the User
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }
    /**
     * Sets the age of the User
     *
     * @param int $age
     * @return User
     */
    public function setAge($age)
    {
        $this->age = (int) $age;
        return $this;
    }
    /**
     * Retrieve the age of the User
     * @return int
     */
    public function getAge()
    {
        return $this->age;
    }
}

DOMAIN MODELS (CONT.)
<?php
namespace DragonBephp7workshop;
class User
{
    /** @var string $name The Name of the User */
    protected $name;
    /** @var int $age The age of the User */
    protected $age;
    /**
     * User constructor.
     *
     * @param int $age The age of the User
     * @throws TypeError
     */
    public function __construct(string $name = '', int $age = 0)
    {
        $this->setName($name)
            ->setAge($age);
    }
}

    /**
     * Sets the name of the User
     *
     * @return User
     */
    public function setName(string $name): User
    {
        $this->name = $name;
        return $this;
    }
    /**
     * Retrieve the name of the User
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getName(): string
    {
        return $this->name;
    }
    /**
     * Sets the age of the User
     *
     * @param int $age
     * @return User
     */
    public function setAge(int $age): User
    {
        $this->age = $age;
        return $this;
    }
    /**
     * Retrieve the age of the User
     * @return int
     */
    public function getAge(): int
    {
        return $this->age;
    }

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
require_once __DIR__ . '/User.php';
use DragonBephp7workshopUser;
$user = new User('michelangelo', '39');
var_dump($user);

S/MYSQL_/MYSQLI_
๏ On bash you could grep -r mysql_ * in your project’s root
directory to discover ﬁles sFll using old mysql elements
๏ Use your IDE and search for “mysql_”
๏ Most of the Fme you can just replace “mysql_” with “mysqli_”

INCOMPATIBLE MYSQL_ FUNC.
๏ mysql_client_encoding()
๏ mysql_list_dbs() (use SHOW DATABASES query)
๏ mysql_db_name()
๏ mysql_list_fields()
๏ mysql_db_query()
๏ mysql_list_processes() (use SHOW PROCESSLIST
query)
๏ mysql_dbname()
๏ mysql_list_tables() (use SHOW TABLES query)
๏ mysql_field_flags()
๏ mysql_listdbs() (use SHOW DATABASES query)
๏ mysql_field_len()
๏ mysql_lisWields()
๏ mysql_field_name()
๏ mysql_lisTables() (use SHOW TABLES query)
๏ mysql_field_table()
๏ mysql_numfields()
๏ mysql_field_type()
๏ mysql_numrows() (use mysqli_num_rows()
instead)
๏ mysql_fieldflags()
๏ mysql_pconnect() (append p: to the hostname
passed to mysqli_connect())
๏ mysql_fieldlen()
๏ mysql_result()
๏ mysql_fieldname()
๏ mysql_selectdb() (use mysqli_select_db() instead)
๏ mysql_fieldtable()
๏ mysql_table_name()
๏ mysql_fieldtype()
๏ mysql_tablename()
๏ mysql_freeresult() (use mysqli_free_result()
instead)
๏ mysql_unbuffered_query()

YOUR 1-STOP SOURCE
PHP.NET/MANUAL/EN/MIGRATION70.PHP

Getting hands dirty with php7

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